Benchmark · monthly · ratio

Treasury bill auction demand

How strong is demand at Treasury bill auctions?

Treasury bill auction demand tracks monthly bid-to-cover ratios for six bill tenors. A bid-to-cover above 3. 0 means dealers and investors bid for three times the amount offered. Strong demand. A ratio near 1. 0 means the auction barely covered. The overall line is the median across all bill auctions that month (auction-pooled), so frequent weekly tenors weigh more than the 52-week.
Readingsmonthly
Demand index
2.8ratio
3-month change
−0.13 ratio
from 3.0
Strongest tenor
3.1ratio
52-Week · 2026-07-01
Weakest tenor
2.7ratio
4-Week · 2026-07-01
Demand percentile
34th
of 322 readings · since 1999-10-01
Treasury bill auction demand
Data through July 2026
0.002.004.006.008.0010.0Oct 1999Feb 2005Jun 2010Nov 2015Mar 2021Jul 2026
Bill demand
4-Week
8-Week
13-Week
17-Week
26-Week
52-Week
Treasury bill auction demand: summary statistics (Max range)
SeriesFirstLatestMinMax
Bill demand3.462.841.904.88
4-Week3.372.721.897.56
8-Week3.132.742.514.15
13-Week2.942.921.784.93
17-Week2.923.042.633.31
26-Week4.073.081.765.22
52-Week3.153.141.855.34

How this is calculated

Formula
demand = monthly median bid_to_cover per tenor; overall = auction-pooled median across all bill auctions that month (not equal-weight across tenors)

Monthly median bid-to-cover ratio for bill auctions (4W, 8W, 13W, 17W, 26W, 52W), from the Treasury auction results dataset. Bid-to-cover is total tendered divided by total accepted. CMBs excluded. Incomplete current months are omitted until month-end so medians are full-month, not MTD.

As of July 2026, the latest reading is 2.84 ratio. That is down 6.4% over the past year and below its long-run median of 2.97 ratio.

How to read it

What a high or low bid-to-cover means

A high bid-to-cover means demand comfortably exceeds supply. A low reading, particularly near 1. 0, means the auction was under-subscribed. The tenor lines show which part of the bill curve is drawing or losing demand.

Limitations

Bid-to-cover is tendered divided by accepted. It is a demand indicator, not a pure demand index: announced size, reopening structure and bill vs coupon mix also move the ratio. Incomplete months are excluded so each point is a full-month median. Treat the chart as context for bill-market demand, not investment advice.

How this benchmark is used

Front-end funding stress

Bill demand gave the first signal of the 2019 repo stress and the 2020 dash-for-cash: bid-to-cover ratios dropped sharply.

Frequently asked questions

4 answers
What is the current treasury bill auction demand?

As of July 2026, the latest reading is 2.84 ratio. That is down 6.4% over the past year and below its long-run median of 2.97 ratio.

How often is this benchmark updated?

This benchmark is built on monthly data. The page is refreshed when the source publishes new observations; the freshness block below the chart shows the exact data-through date and when PIER20 last fetched the file.

What data sources does this chart use?

The chart is built from Bill demand, 4-Week, 8-Week, 13-Week, 17-Week, 26-Week and 52-Week, sourced from the U.S. Department of the Treasury, Fiscal Data.

Why exclude CMBs?

Cash Management Bills are ad-hoc instruments issued outside the regular calendar.

MarkdownMachine-readable version of this benchmark

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